[TABLE OF CONTENTS]  [MAIN PAGE]  [HISTORY]  [VESTERVIK]  [BREDVIK]  [GRUNDSUND]  [RILAX]  [STORÖN]  [PARGAS]

[PRÄSTKULLA]  [LÅNGSTRAND]  [VIMONBÖLE]  [STORHOLMEN]  [SKOGBYTRÄSKET]  [HARPARSKOG]  [SPJUTBÖLE]

[BJÖRKKULLA]  [VITSAND]  [BJÖRNHOLMEN]  [ODENSÖ]  [SOMMARÖ]  [SKÅLDÖ]  [BAGGÖN]  [SITE MAP]

 

HARPARSKOG

Harparskog area

  Map symbols

- The above map shows the plan for the fortifications for Hanko position (H-position) from the year 1940. However even when it is labeled as a plan, it is an accurate fortification map. The plan for the defensive line was obviously settled when the map was made, as nearly all of the structures which are shown in the map, can be found from the terrain.

- The only difference comes from the fact, that the map at first was most likely made in a office and only after that, did the actual terrain mapping start, where the actual locations of the different structures was determined. Why I assume it like that is that the place of the structures is not completely accurate. Generally speaking, all of the positions can be found within 50 to 150 meters from the place, where it has been drawn to the map. So if you go to the place where the structure has been marked to the map, you will not in many cases see much at all, but if you then start to walk in a circle from that spot, stretching the circle in some places even to 150 meters, you will find the structure. Also the documents in the Military Archives of Finland which concern Hanko Group, contains orders to adjust the position of certain structures a bit, in order to achieve a better defensive firing line.

- The second map, which I've used as a reference in the Harparskog area, is the fortification map of Major M. Kuumola: ("The fortification system designed after the Winter War, Isthmus section, Appendix; Major M. Kuumola's letter: The fortification constructions in the area of Hanko (II)"). A warm thank you for that person in Lappohja who gave a copy of the map.

- Kuumola at that time held a rank of Captain and was in charge of the fortification construction in the Harparskog-line. This map is not completely consistent with the fortification plan from 1940. Also the Kuumola's map hasn't been dated, so it is impossible to know when it has been drawn. The map also holds some strange conclusions especially concerning whether or not the construction was ready. Kuumola's map can be found from the Military Archives of Finland, from the documents, which concern Group Hanko.

Memorial for the 17th Division

- The defensive line in this area is in excellent condition. The anti-tank obstacle line is consistent through out the Hanko Cape, without any noticeable section of it being destroyed. In general, the layout of the whole line is such, that the anti-tank obstacle line is first, after that comes the trenches and after that the bunkers/dugouts. The distance from the bunkers/dugouts to the anti-tank obstacles according to the construction instruction at that time could not be less than 500 to 600 meters. It was recommended that the distance to the trenches from the anti-tank obstacles should not be less than 150 meters and not more than 200 meters. Still the actual construction varied a bit and in Salpa-line, there's even places where the distance from the trenches to the anti-tank obstacles is 300 meters! This variation is also very visible in this area of the Harparskog-line. The anti-tank obstacle line is not visible in the fortification plan from 1940 and I didn't start to draw it to the map, as I liked to keep the original appearance of the map as far as possible. Still if you like to see the anti-tank obstacle line, it is easily done by walking about 500 meters from the bunkers/dugouts towards the front line. Although the variation in constructions affects the distance, as in some parts of the defensive line, the anti-tank obstacle line is very close to the bunkers/dugouts and you can actually see the obstacle line from the bunker/dugout. Also in many parts of the area, the obstacle line is visible from the main roads.

- The  trench line is also nearly completely preserved, with only sections near the Harparskog and Skogby villages being apparently destroyed. However, the trench line is just not the first line, which faces the direction of enemy. Additionally there are communication trenches and other supportive trenches going all over the place. For example a rather extensive trench system leaves behind the bunker number 307 and extends parallel with the Hanko - Hyvinkää railroad and present day Hanko - Hyvinkää road which is not visible in the fortification map from 1940, as Hanko - Hyvinkää road was build after the war. The trench line is also not visible in the fortification plan from 1940 and I didn't start to draw this either to the map. Still the trench line is easy to spot from the terrain, no matter where you stand. Only thing what makes it a bit difficult to determine what is an original construction and what is an later addition, is that the Finnish Defence Forces still practices a lot in the Harparskog area. Practically there are exercises all through the year and during these exercises new pits and trenches are being constructed. However all of the original lines have gotten a nice moss cover on top of them, thus making the newer constructions easier to separate from the old ones.

- Fire positions which can be found from the trench line, generally speaking means a positions for the light machine guns, machine guns, anti-tank guns and for single riflemen. Some of these positions are reinforced with concrete, but some are without any reinforcements other than soil and logs, which have decayed a long time ago. Even when concrete clearly has been used while building some of these positions, these are not visible in the fortification plan from 1940 or in Major Kuumola's map. As I haven't walked through the whole trench line, there still might be some additional positions, which are not shown in the pictures. I also didn't draw these positions to the map, but they can be found by walking through the trench lines, although some are very hard to spot, especially during the summer time.

- The code names for the bunkers are either Finnish man or female names or animals.

- My own personal notes below are based on the situation in the defensive line, during the years 2005 and 2006.

Construction series 1xx

- Actual armament if any and type of these bunkers/dugouts is unknown. Looking at the map symbols, the 196 and 198 were most likely accommodation bunkers/dugouts and 199 was observation and fire control nest.

 

Number

Code name

Note from the map of Major M. Kuumola

Fortification card

Note

196

Meeri

Not in Kuumola's map

No

Dugout, with a large pit remaining from the construction, near the Harparskog village.

198

Pasi

Not ready

No

Structure wasn't constructed.
199 ? Not in Kuumola's map No Numbered observation and fire control nest. Situated close to the structure 212, a, b & c.

 

Construction series 2xx

- The constructions, which were numbered starting with a number two, offer a lot of variation in the construction. The common indicator is that excluding one bunker, all of the other ones were armed only with a machine gun. The real difference however comes how these were constructed to the landscape and how other supporting defensive structures were fitted to the nearby area. The bunkers were also able to accommodate half-platoon to a four platoons of men inside.

 

Number

Code Name

Note from the map of Major M. Kuumola

Fortification card

Note

200

Otto

Not in Kuumola's map No  

211

Ukko

Ready machine gun (x2) bunker with one observation cupola

Yes

Along with the bunker is a huge cave.

212, a, b & c

Vihtori

Ready machine gun bunker, observation cupola and accommodation bunker

Yes

Interiors from the machine gun bunker are under water.

213, a & b Fiu

Ready machine gun (x2) bunker with one observation cupola

Yes

 

214 Saima

Ready machine gun and gun bunker, two constructions not ready

Yes

Kuumola's map states, that there is a ready machine gun bunker. However that is not the case, as only the gun bunker is completed. Unfinished construction can be found near of the gun bunker, from which two firing lines have been drawn to the fortification map of Major Kuumola. These firing lines however are not shown in the fortification plan from 1940. Fortification card states two machine gun nests and anti-tank gun nest to this location.

215 Niku

Ready machine gun bunker

Yes  
216 Pelle

Not ready/Ready machine gun bunker, observation cupola and a shelter for the anti-tank gun

Yes

Construction of the interior walls has been started.

217

Eemeli

Ready machine gun nest

Yes

Interiors are badly damaged.

218

Riku

Ready machine gun nest

Yes

 

219 Taneli

Not ready/Ready accommodation bunker and a shelter for the anti-tank gun

Yes

The mined structure is completely covered with water.

237 Eva Not ready No

Structure wasn't constructed.

 

Construction series 3xx

- All of the constructions, which were numbered starting with a number three, belong to the same bunker series, where the bunker had the massive "flank wall", which protected the embrasure from direct fire. There are two different variations between this series of bunker, either the bunker was only armed with a machine gun or additionally an 45mm anti-tank gun in a second embrasure. The other slight variation is whether or not the bunker had the observation cupola or if it was without it. The bunkers were also able to accommodate a squad to a half-platoon of men inside.

 

Number Code name

Note from the map of Major M. Kuumola

Fortification card

Note

301

Jukka Ready machine gun and gun bunker Yes

Entrance is badly damaged.

302

Irma Ready machine gun nest and gun bunker Yes

Museum bunker, which is interestingly named as a machine gun nest and a gun bunker in the fortification map of Major Kuumola. Still this doesn't differ in anyway from the bunker numbers 301, 305, 306 and 307. 

303

Lilli Ready machine gun bunker and observation cupola Yes

Observation cupola is missing, even when stated in the fortification map of Major Kuumola. Graffiti's have damaged the exterior.

304

Lyyti Machine gun bunker Yes  

305

Nisse Ready machine gun and gun bunker Yes

During spring and in heavy rain, will get full of water, judging from the waterline marks in the wall.

306

Asta Ready machine gun and gun bunker Yes

Graffiti's have damaged the exterior.

307

Sirkka Ready machine gun and gun bunker Yes  

308

Kati Not ready No

Structure wasn't constructed.

 

Construction series 4xx

- All of the constructions, which were numbered starting with a number four, were accommodation bunkers, capable of accommodating 3/4 platoon to a full platoon of men inside. Only slight variation is whether or not the bunker was equipped with observation cupola. The bunker number 460 is unique in a sense, that it is the only one in this part of the defensive line, which has two entrances.

 

Number

Code name

Note from the map of Major M. Kuumola

Fortification card

Note

451

Helmi Ready accommodation bunker Yes

Area around the bunker is being filled with dead branches and leaves from the nearby houses.

452 Lissu Ready accommodation bunker and observation cupola Yes

Stove smashed to pieces.

453 Klaara Not ready Yes

Strangely labeled as not ready in the fortification map of Major Kuumola.

454 Roope Ready accommodation bunker and observation cupola Yes

Interiors are under water.

455 Brita Ready accommodation bunker and observation cupola Yes  
456 Antti Ready accommodation bunker and observation cupola Yes  
457 Kalle Ready accommodation bunker and observation cupola Yes

Interiors are under water.

460 Pia Ready accommodation bunker Yes

The bunker is buried under incredible amount of junk from the nearby houses. Second entrance is completely filled and is not visible. This is the only accommodation bunker in this area, with two entrances. Trench line connecting the entrances is in excellent condition.

 

Other constructions in the defensive line

 

Name

Note

Trench line

Almost as well preserved as the anti-tank obstacle line. Only small pieces of the trench near the Harparskog and Skogby villages would seem to be missing.

Fire positions

Positions for machine guns, light machine guns, anti-tank guns and for the riflemen.

Anti-tank obstacles

Nearly completely preserved, the line starts from the shore of the Skogby village and continues through the Hanko Cape to the opposite side of the Storholmen island.

Mined positions  The mined positions are located on the hill which is located on the north-east corner of Vitsjön.
Harparskog memorial

Constructed to the place where Field Marshal Mannerheim received the parade of the troops that fought in Hanko Front.

Copyright © 2005, 2006 Kimmo Nummela